People and Agrarian Landscapes aims to offer the reader a series of keys to understand why agrarian archaeology has become one of the most dynamic, experimental, and innovative sectors of the discipline in southern Europe, providing an overview of the driving theories, methodologies and main topics that have been addressed to date. In this way, the text is presented as an introduction for students, a critical reading guide for other scholars, and an informative instrument aimed at a wide audience. Most of the results of agrarian archaeology are to be found in highly specialized journals and venues that are not always easily accessible, and thus the volume presents the works, tools, and conceptual frameworks that have been developed by some of the main research groups active in the south of Western Europe to study rural societies throughout history, considering the materiality of agricultural activities.