This volume deals with the history of popular religion in Turkey from its origins in the 13th century; the formation of the heterodoxies known as Bektashism and Alevism which are characterised by their syncretism and their religious tolerance; and the bipartition of these currents, both of which refer to the popular saint Hadji Bektash. This fascinating book analyses their beliefs and practices, offers a summary of their rich literature, and treats of the present evolution of these currents, their further prospects, and their anthropocentric, inter-denominational and ecumenical character.