Drug discovery and development process focuses on details regarding medications that are safe and efficient in improving the length and quality of life, and relaxing pain and suffering. However, the process is very intricate, time taking, resource intensive, requiring multidisciplinary expertise and novel approaches. There is a need to identify and produce more effective and appropriate ways to bring safe and effective products to the market. Translational research is a rapidly growing discipline of biomedicine. This book describes drug discovery and development process depending on the use of relevant and robust tools, methods, paradigms and approved biomarkers that are predictive of medical effects in terms of diagnosis, cure, therapy and prognosis.